thermionic emission work function

n 2C, inset). Intensity, amplitude, or phase electro-optic modulators, designed for analogue signals and having any of the following: 1-3.A.1.i. 1-5.A.4. The oxide coating reduces the work function of the system to a quite low value. ; Software specially designed or modified for the development, production or use of any of the following: 1. A Schottky barrier, named after Walter H. Schottky, is a potential energy barrier for electrons formed at a metalsemiconductor junction.Schottky barriers have rectifying characteristics, suitable for use as a diode.One of the primary characteristics of a Schottky barrier is the Schottky barrier height, denoted by B (see figure). 1-6.A.2.a.3.d. How can I measure dark current? Niobium alloys (Nb-Al-X or Nb-X-Al, Nb-Si-X or Nb-X-Si, Nb-Ti-X or Nb-X-Ti); Aluminium alloys (Al-Mg-X or Al-X-Mg, Al-Zn-X or Al-X-Zn, Al-Fe-X or Al-X-Fe); 2. 1-1.A.5. Equipment specially designed for the deposition, processing and in-process control of inorganic overlays, coatings and surface modifications, as follows, for substrates specified in column 2, by processes shown in column 1 in the following 1-2.E.3.f., and specially designed automated handling, positioning, manipulation and control components therefor: 1-2.B.6. Controls do not apply to "technology" in the "public domain", to "basic scientific research" or to the minimum necessary information for patent applications. Plasma was first identified in laboratory by Sir William Crookes.Crookes presented a lecture on what he called "radiant matter" to the British Association for the Advancement of Science, in Sheffield, on Friday, 22 August 1879. The electron beam is scanned in a raster scan Employing functions of digital "signal processing" to provide 'voice coding' output at rates of less than 700 bit/s; Optical fibres of more than 500 m in length and specified by the manufacturer as being capable of withstanding a 'proof test' tensile stress of 2x10. ; Alloyed materials having all of the following: 1. Equipment specified by 1-5.A.4. A response "time constant" of 95 ns or less; "Space-qualified" solid-state detectors having a peak response in the wavelength range exceeding 1,200 nm but not exceeding 30,000 nm; "Space-qualified" "focal plane arrays" having more than 2,048 elements per array and having a peak response in the wavelength range exceeding 300 nm but not exceeding 900 nm. 1-3.A.1.b.1. Equipment specially designed to maintain the surface figure or orientation of the "space-qualified" components specified by 1-6.A.4.c.1. ; Resulting in an antenna pattern having an 'average side lobe level' more than 40 dB below the peak of the main beam level. Cooled turbine blades, vanes, tip-shrouds other than those described in 1-9.E.3.a.1., designed to operate at a gas path temperature of 1,693K (1,420 C) or more; 6. Electron-beam lithography (often abbreviated as e-beam lithography, EBL) is the practice of scanning a focused beam of electrons to draw custom shapes on a surface covered with an electron-sensitive film called a resist (exposing). {\displaystyle n_{n}} 2-9.g. Alane (aluminium hydride) (CAS 7784-21-6); 3.Boranes, as follows, and their derivatives: 4. Imaging cameras incorporating image intensifier tubes having the characteristics listed in 1-6.A.2.a.2.a. When used in combination with a high Hall parameter, a critical value triggers the problematic electrothermal instability which limited these technological developments. The status of "lasers" incorporating frequency conversion (i.e., wavelength change) by means other than one "laser" pumping another "laser" is determined by applying the specified parameters for both the output of the source "laser" and the frequency-converted optical output. The density of a non-neutral plasma must generally be very low, or it must be very small, otherwise, it will be dissipated by the repulsive electrostatic force. N.B. [10] The problem is that not all points in the vacuum are equivalent. Optical system resolution better (less) than 1 nm; 5. 1) where (x) is the electron wave-function , expressed as a function of distance x measured from the emitter's electrical surface, is the reduced Planck constant , m is the electron mass, U (x) is the electron potential energy , E n is the total electron energy associated with motion in the x -direction, and M (x) = [U (x) E n] is called the electron motive energy. Powders of any of the following materials, with a particle size less than 250 m in any direction and not specified elsewhere by 2-8: 2. Triacetone Triperoxide (TATP) (CAS 17088-37-8); 44. 1-9.E.2. Thermionic Emission 495. and 1-3.A.1.a.12., based upon any compound semiconductor and having any of the following: An equivalent gate count of more than 3,000 (2 input gates); 12. Fluid models are often accurate when collisionality is sufficiently high to keep the plasma velocity distribution close to a MaxwellBoltzmann distribution. Tooling specially designed for producing gas turbine engine powder metallurgy rotor components having all of the following: 1-9.B.10. Software specially designed or modified for the operation of items specified by 19.A.4.e. A Schottky barrier, named after Walter H. Schottky, is a potential energy barrier for electrons formed at a metalsemiconductor junction.Schottky barriers have rectifying characteristics, suitable for use as a diode.One of the primary characteristics of a Schottky barrier is the Schottky barrier height, denoted by B (see figure). Specially designed to discharge the products of the reaction against a pressure of 100 kPa or more; 2. "Monospectral imaging sensors" and "multispectral imaging sensors", designed for remote sensing applications and having any of the following: 1-6.A.2.b.1. Electron image amplification using any of the following: A microchannel plate with a hole pitch (centre-to-centre spacing) of 12 m or less; An electron sensing device with a non-binned pixel pitch of 500 m or less, specially designed or modified to achieve 'charge multiplication' other than by a microchannel plate; Multialkali photocathodes (e.g., S-20 and S-25) having a luminous sensitivity exceeding 350 A/lm; Other III/V compound semiconductor photocathodes having a maximum radiant sensitivity exceeding 10mA/W; 1. does not apply to 'multiple transverse mode', industrial lasers having any of the following: For the purpose of 1-6.A.5.a.6.b., Note 2.a., brightness is defined as the output power of the "laser" divided by the squared Beam Parameter Product (BPP), i.e., (output power)/BPP2. Body armour and components therefor as follows: For "fibrous or filamentary materials" used in the manufacture of body armour, see entry 1- 1.C.10. "Technology" for adjustable flow path systems designed to maintain engine stability for gas generator turbines, fan or power turbines, or propelling nozzles, as follows: 1-9.E.3.j. A peak saturated power output greater than 55 W (47.4 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 2.9 GHz up to and including 3.2 GHz; c. A peak saturated power output greater than 40 W (46 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 3.2 GHz up to and including 3.7 GHz; d. A peak saturated power output greater than 20 W (43 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 3.7 GHz up to and including 6.8 GHz; 2. 2. "Technology" for the "development" of digital cellular radio base station receiving equipment whose reception capabilities that allow multi-band, multi-channel, multi-mode, multi-coding algorithm or multi-protocol operation can be modified by changes in "software"; 4. Optical weapon-sights specially designed for military use. 'Sounding rate' greater than 3,800 m/s; Survey equipment, not specified by 1-6.A.1.a.1.a.2.a., having all of the following: 1. To an output power greater than 1 mW (0 dBm) anywhere within the frequency range exceeding 90 GHz but not exceeding 110 GHz; Designed to extend the frequency range of microwave test receivers beyond 110 GHz. and 2-13.d. TKX-50 (Dihydroxylammonium 5,5'-bistetrazole-1,1'-diolate); 1. A magnetomechanical coupling factor (k) of more than 0.8; Amorphous or nanocrystalline alloy strips, having all of the following: 1. When the work function is lowered, electrons can be more readily drawn off the filament with an electric field. 1-3.A.1.b.12. Interception equipment designed for the extraction of voice or data, transmitted over the air interface; 2. Any solid propellant with a theoretical specific impulse (under standard conditions) of more than: 240 seconds for non-metallized, non-halogenized propellant; 250 seconds for non-metallized, halogenized propellant; 3. Rated for operation with a peak saturated power output greater than 0.1 nW (-70 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 90 GHz; "Technology" according to the General Technology Note for the "development" or "production" of electronic devices and circuits, specially designed for telecommunications and containing components manufactured from "superconductive" materials, specially designed for operation at temperatures below the "critical temperature" of at least one of the "superconductive" constituents and having any of the following: 2. Output energy exceeding 0.5 J per pulse and peak power exceeding 50 W; 3. Note 2:2-8.c.5.b. 1-6.A.2.a.3. "Development" "technology" for the control law algorithms, including "source code", unique to the "FADEC system" and used to regulate engine thrust or shaft power. Capable of finding a Line Of Bearing (LOB) to non-cooperating radio transmitters with a signal duration of less than 1 ms; Mobile telecommunications interception or jamming equipment, and monitoring equipment therefor, as follows, and specially designed components therefor: 1. or 1-9.E.3.i., for any of the following aero gas engines: 1-9.A.4. Spin-forming machines and flow-forming machines, which, according to the manufacturer's technical specification, can be equipped with "numerical control" units or a computer control and having all of the following: For the purpose of 1-2.B.9., machines combining the function of spin-forming and flow-forming are regarded as flow-forming machines. This process results in the condensation, or deposition, of the evaporated species onto appropriately positioned substrates. Nonlinear vector measurement functionality at frequencies exceeding 50GHz but not exceeding 110 GHz; 4. or 1-6.A.2.a.2.b. Emission. In principle, one might consider using the state of a stationary electron in the vacuum as a reference point for energies. Bombs, torpedoes, grenades, smoke canisters, rockets, mines, missiles, depth charges, demolition-charges, demolition-devices, demolition-kits, "pyrotechnic" devices, cartridges and simulators (i.e., equipment simulating the characteristics of any of these items), specially designed for military use; 2. An output power exceeding 31.62 mW (15 dBm) anywhere within the operating frequency range exceeding 43.5 GHz but not exceeding 90 GHz; 2. Excimer "lasers" having any of the following: Output wavelength not exceeding 150 nm and any of the following: 1. Unlike , the parameter, , is not a constant at equilibrium, but rather varies from location to location in a material due to variations in C, which is determined by factors such as material quality and impurities/dopants. HNF (hydrazinium nitroformate) (CAS 20773-28-8); 9. One customer, for multiple instances of the item. to 1-3.A.1.a.14., which are specially designed for or which have the same functional characteristics as other equipment is determined by the status of the other equipment. Specially hardened to withstand gamma, neutron or ion radiation; 3. "Digital computers", related equipment or "software", when essential for the operation and support of telecommunications equipment described in this Category, are regarded as specially designed components, provided they are the standard models customarily supplied by the manufacturer. 1-7.A.1. Cover gas composition, pressure and flow rates; 2. :For guidance and navigation equipment, see 2-11. Information identified as archived is provided for reference, research or recordkeeping purposes. c includes drain to source voltage, collector to emitter voltage, repetitive peak reverse voltage and peak repetitive off-state blocking voltage. Removing material by means of any of the following: Water or other liquid jets, including those employing abrasive additives; 2. aerodynamic control surfaces or propulsive thrust vectoring. Average or CW total output power exceeding 500 W; Peak pulsed 'power density' exceeding 500 W/cm.

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